Revolutions in Morocco

I wanted to write about revolutions in Morocco which concerned human rights because human rights evolved a lot this last decades. Three revolutions seem important to me in this domain, which are:

-Resistance against France and Spain.

-IER (Instance Equité et Réconciliation)

-Movement for women rights.

1) Resistance and brawl against France and Spanish:

Morocco was occupied by France and Spain in 1912. Moroccans plan to organize themselves with progress to free themselves from occupants. The movement of the resistance spreads there ideas to all parts of Morocco to join their battle for freedom, therefore, there were more resistants (men and women) in cities, countrysides, mountains, deserts, etc...

One of many actions which lead to Morocco's liberation was the strike of independance in 1944. Mohamed V, who still fights for independance is exiled to Madagascar in 1953. His departure creates fights, strikes, etc... With this in mind, France chooses a new King for Morocco, Mohamed Ben Araffa, who was rejected by the population.

The fight for independance continues with the demanded return of the kingdom's previous King. In 1955, France, under pressions of Moroccan revolution, is forced to bring Mohamed V back, and is forced to leave Morocco and leave it with it's independance in 1956.

2) IER (Instance Equité et Réconciliation):

After Mohamed V's death, Morocco has a new king, Hassan II. His reign lasts 38 years (1961-1999) with a balance sheet of postive and negative points. A couple of years before his death, Hassan II engaged Morocco in a democratic process.

After his death, his son Mohamed VI, created an authority of IER. This authority was asked to brighten the previous dark years (années de plombs) where Hassan II was still dominant. This caused several people to be arrested, tortured and disappeared. This authority made investigations on each case including public testemonies in the various medias (TV, radio, newspaper, books, etc...). The victims have received componsations but more important, they have been recognized being victims of previous regime. This has been a revolution not only in Morocco, but in the whole Arab world. It was the second experience in Africa after South African forced apparted reconciliation process.

3) Movement of women's right:

The movement of women's rights is present since the independance, but society was closed to any new movement concerning women. Progress has been realized thanks to the women effort and the King Mohamed VI support. Laws have been enhanced on the social side of the citizens rights. As an example the following areas have been changed drastically:

a. Family code (in the previous code, wives were due to obey their husbands).

b. Penal code (the same penalty is applied for wife and husband in case of murder after red-handed adultery).

Other changes have occured in the objective to equalise men and women's rights.

These three revolutions are important to me because they had a direct impact on the day to day life and seems to be the basis of a deeper changge in human rights.